Konfigurasi Email Server Dengan SPF Dan DKIM Di Aplikasi Postfix Pada CentOS 7

Prasetiyo Hadi Purwoko

- 4 minutes read - 838 words

Setelah kita melakukan instalasi email server, cek skor email server di website Mail Tester. Salah satu contoh hasil pengecekan website tersebut sebagai berikut.

Mail-Tester

Content:
[Text]
[HTML]
[Source]

SpamAssassin:
[Score]
 The famous spam filter SpamAssassin. A score below -5 is considered spam.

Authentication:
 We check if the server you are sending from is authenticated
[SPF]
 Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is an email validation system designed to prevent email spam by detecting email spoofing, a common vulnerability, by verifying sender IP addresses.
[Sender ID]
 Sender ID is like SPF, but it checks the FROM address, not the bounce address.
[DKIM]
 DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) is a method for associating a domain name to an email message, thereby allowing a person, role, or organization to claim some responsibility for the message.
[DMARC record]
 A DMARC policy allows a sender to indicate that their emails are protected by SPF and/or DKIM, and give instruction if neither of those authentication methods passes. Please be sure you have a DKIM and SPF set before using DMARC.
[PTR record]
 Reverse DNS lookup or reverse DNS resolution (rDNS) is the determination of a domain name that is associated with a given IP address. Some companies such as AOL will reject any message sent from a server without rDNS, so you must ensure that you have one. You cannot associate more than one domain name with a single IP address.
[A record]
 We check if there is a mail server (A Record) behind your hostname.

Errors:
 Checks whether your message is well formatted or not.
[Image alternate tag]
 alt attributes provide a textual alternative to your images. It is a useful fallback for people suffering from sight problems and for cases where your images cannot be displayed.
[HTML elements]
 Checks whether your message contains dangerous html elements such as javascript, iframes, embed content or applet.
[URL shortener]
 Checks whether your message uses URL shortener systems.
[List-Unsubscribe header]
 The List-Unsubscribe header is required if you send mass emails, it enables the user to easily unsubscribe from your mailing list.
[Blacklist]
 Matches your server IP address against 22 of the most common ipv4 blacklists.

Untuk meningkatkan skor, kita bisa memperbaiki konfigurasi email server dengan SPF dan DKIM

SPF

Sender Policy Framework (SPF) adalah sebuah sistem validasi email yang didesain untuk mencegah email spam dengan cara mendeteksi email spoofing, sebuah celah umum, dengan melakukan verifikasi alamat IP pengirim. SPF berupa TXT record yang ditambahkan ke domain email server kita.

# contoh
example.com IN  TXT "v=spf1 mx a ip4:192.168.1.0/24 include:myexample.com ~all"

Contoh di atas memberikan informasi bahwa email dengan domain example.com valid jika dikirim dari alamat-alamat IP di jaringan 192.168.1.0/24 dan server yang memiliki hostname myexample.com. Email dengan domain example.com yang dikirim dari selain alamat-alamat tersebut akan ditandai tetapi tetap diterima.

DKIM

DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) adalah metode untuk mengasosiasikan sebuah nama domain ke sebuah pesan email, sehingga mengizinkan seseorang atau sebuah organisasi untuk mengklaim tanggung jawab untuk pesan tersebut. Berikut ini adalah langkah instalasi OpenDKIM.

sudo yum -y install epel-release
sudo yum -y install opendkim
sudo opendkim-default-keygen
sudo su
cd /etc/opendkim/keys
ll

File default.private adalah private key untuk domain kita dan default.txt adalah public key yang akan kita masukkan ke dalam DNS record (TXT).

Ubah file konfigurasi untuk OpenDKIM

vi /etc/opendkim.conf
# contoh konfigurasi
Mode    sv
Socket  inet:8891@localhost
Canonicalization    relaxed/simple
Domain  example.com
#KeyFile    /etc/opendkim/keys/default.private
KeyTable    refile:/etc/opendkim/KeyTable
SigningTable    refile:/etc/opendkim/SigningTable
ExternalIgnoreList  refile:/etc/opendkim/TrustedHosts
InternalHosts   refile:/etc/opendkim/TrustedHosts

Ubah file KeyTable yang mendefinisikan alamat private key untuk domain kita

vi /etc/opendkim/KeyTable
# contoh konfigurasi
default._domainkey.example.com example.com:default:/etc/opendkim/keys/default.private

Ubah file SigningTable yang memberikan informasi bagaimana OpenDKIM menggunakan key files.

vi /etc/opendkim/SigningTable
# contoh konfigurasi
*@example.com default._domainkey.example.com

Ubah file TrustedHosts yang mendefinisikan host mana yang berhak menggunakan key files tersebut.

vi /etc/opendkim/TrustedHosts
# contoh konfigurasi
127.0.0.1
mail.example.com

Ubah file konfigurasi untuk Postfix

vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
# contoh konfigurasi
smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:8891
non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters
milter_default_action = accept

Jalankan ulang OpenDKIM dan Postfix

sudo hash -r
sudo systemctl start opendkim ; systemctl enable opendkim ; systemctl restart postfix

Tambahkan key ke DNS record

default._domainkey IN TXT "v=DKIM1; g=*; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDNHHZ5Wq8bmpNTwzg+5wwwgKiYphgdRnngxS6Wd1lq9kQRh2OxzOH4kW1gsPe8UA396e9zaXjGlSzbIkeHEt86JzuS+fg+utLrVtIH6gLXJgxppBjCMhLy95oBLrG9M3rqGtrzHgVclANnYdfGs3Tg6r+RnS7GHW3YqW+7tr45YQIDAQAB" ; ----- DKIM default for example.com

Berikut ini adalah daftar layanan yang menyediakan informasi alamat-alamat IP yang termasuk dalam daftar hitam karena sering mengirimkan spam.

ASPEWS
BACKSCATTERER
BARRACUDA
BBFHL1
BBFHL2
BLOCKLIST.DE
BSB
CASA CBL
CASA CBLESS
CASA CBLPLUS
CASA CDL
CBL
CYMRU BOGONS
DAN TOR
DAN TOREXIT
DNS REALTIME BLACKHOLE LIST
DNS SERVICIOS
DRONE BL
DULRU
EFNET RBL
EMAILBASURA
FABELSOURCES
HIL
HIL2
IBM DNS BLACKLIST
ICMFORBIDDEN
IMP SPAM
IMP WORM
INPS_DE
INTERSERVER
IPRANGE RBL PROJECT
IVMSIP
IVMSIP24
JIPPG
KEMPTBL
KONSTANT
LASHBACK
LNSGBLOCK
LNSGBULK
LNSGMULTI
LNSGOR
LNSGSRC
MADAVI
MAILBLACKLIST
MAILSPIKE BL
MAILSPIKE Z
MEGARBL
MSRBL PHISHING
MSRBL SPAM
NETHERRELAYS
NETHERUNSURE
NIXSPAM
NOSOLICITADO
ORVEDB
OSPAM
PROTECTED SKY
PSBL
RATS ALL
RATS DYNA
RATS NOPTR
RATS SPAM
RBL JP
REDHAWK
RSBL
SCHULTE
SECTOOR EXITNODES
SEM BACKSCATTER
SEM BLACK
SENDER SCORE REPUTATION NETWORK
SERVICESNET
SORBS BLOCK
SORBS DUHL
SORBS HTTP
SORBS MISC
SORBS NEW
SORBS SMTP
SORBS SOCKS
SORBS SPAM
SORBS WEB
SORBS ZOMBIE
SPAMCANNIBAL
SPAMCOP
SPAMHAUS ZEN
SPEWS1
SPEWS2
SWINOG
TRIUMF
TRUNCATE
UCEPROTECTL1
UCEPROTECTL2
UCEPROTECTL3
URIBL MULTI IP
VIRBL
WOODYS SMTP BLACKLIST
WPBL
ZAPBL
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